Instructions for a Heatwave

Maggie O’Farrell

Instructions for a Heatwave by Maggie O’Farrell takes place over a period of four days in July during the 1976 heatwave. Opening on July 15, Gretta watches as her retired husband, Robert, leaves the house to fetch the paper from a nearby store. When he doesn’t return, Gretta becomes concerned. The police are called. It turns out Robert has withdrawn money from their bank account and mysteriously disappeared.

Gretta calls her son, Michael Francis, who then contacts his two sisters, Monica and Aiofe. Michael Francis lives in London with his wife and two children. Monica lives in the countryside with her second husband. And Aiofe flies back from America where she has been living for several years. Gretta’s three children converge on their family home in London to solve the mystery of their father’s disappearance.

The novel alternates between the multiple perspectives of Gretta and her three adult children. With each perspective we learn the character’s backstory and current situation. Gretta, of Irish Catholic descent, settled in London with Robert and raised three children. She is garrulous, opinionated, manipulative, and deceptive. Michael Francis, a frustrated history school teacher, is experiencing marital problems with his wife, Claire. Monica is also experiencing marital problems with her second husband and is treated with contempt by her two step-daughters. And Aiofe, suffering from some form of undiagnosed dyslexia, feels ashamed of her inability to read and has harbored that secret from her employer and boyfriend in America.

O’Farrell sets this family drama against a vivid description of a heat wave. The family tension similarly heats up with past grievances, resentments, and childish petty squabbles. Accusations are hurled from one to another; misunderstandings abound. Eventually, the children piece together clues and confront their mother with their findings. Gretta reluctantly reveals secrets she and Robert had kept from their children for decades. The family then heads to Ireland to search for Robert. The novel has an open-ended conclusion with Robert walking up the path to reunite with his family. Although not clearly stated, the suggestion is the family has healed and forgiven one another’s trespasses. Their mutual love has re-surfaced in spite of the bruises and hurts.

This compelling family drama skillfully weaves the four different perspectives which illuminate one another as they unfold. The characters are portrayed as distinct, unique, and believable individuals. We see the challenges and anxieties they each face. O’Farrell is an expert at presenting a character’s interiority and dialogue that is specific to that individual. Her ability to get inside a character’s head and to present each one as a believable individual is nothing short of masterly.

An engaging, well-crafted story with characters that leap off the page with their authenticity.

Highly recommended.

Heart the Lover

Lily King

Heart the Lover by Lily King is an engaging novel about the relationship of three college students. The novel unfolds in the first-person voice of Jordan, the nickname given to her by Sam and Yash, two classmates in her literature class. Sam and Yash are house-sitting for a professor during his absence. Jordan becomes Sam’s girlfriend and moves in with them. But Sam, a devout Baptist, is unwilling to fully consummate their relationship, much to Jordan’s dismay. Meanwhile, she finds herself attracted to Yash, the gangly, brilliant roommate. Predictably, Jordan’s relationship with Sam fizzles out and she and Yosh become lovers. Unexpectedly, their relationship also comes to an abrupt end.

Fast-forward decades later. The narrator, now a successful author, is happily married and the mother of two sons. Yash pays her a visit, stirring up old memories and personal hurts. The narrator experiences a traumatic upheaval when one of her young boys is diagnosed with a brain tumor requiring a series of brain surgeries. And in the midst of this turmoil, she receives news Yash is dying of cancer and has been hospitalized. She rushes to his bedside where she is reunited with both Sam and Yash. They share laughter and old memories, all the while knowing Yash is on his death bed.

Lily King skillfully evokes the strong bonds that can be forged between students attending the same college and many of the same classes. Jordan, Sam, and Yash are in and out of each other’s lives, discussing professors, debating books they’ve read, sharing opinions, and eating pizzas. But in Jordan’s eyes, this is a relationship of unequals. She perceives herself as academically and intellectually inferior to Sam and Yash. She refers to herself as a “mere student” while they are “scholars.” Intimidated by them, she is in awe of their intellect and is flattered by their interest in her. She allows them to rename her Jordan. Her real name, Casey, is not revealed until the last sentence in the novel. Since renaming is a means of asserting power over an individual, it is apparent Sam and Yosh deem themselves superior to Jordan not only by having the audacity to rename her to suit themselves but also by the manner in which they later dismiss her in their relationship.

King enables us to see Sam and Yosh through Jordan’s eyes, while at the same time we recognize their masculine assertions of power and their contempt for her academic interests. The irony is that decades later, Jordan has become a successful novelist and is happily married. Sam is divorced and Yash never marries. Although she may be justified to do so, Jordan never lords her success over them.

What King captures so poignantly, effectively, and with tenderness is the love these three people have for each other, a love that transcends past transgressions, hurts, betrayals, miscommunications, abandonments, distances, and separations. It is an unshakeable love that transcends time and place. It is a college love affair for the ages.

Highly recommended.

Shakespeare Saved My Life

Laura Bates

Shakespeare Saved My Life by Laura Bates is a powerful memoir of Dr. Bates’ experience teaching Shakespeare to prisoners in a maximum-security prison. The memoir takes place over a period of several years, during which time she comes to know, respect, and befriend Larry Newton, a convicted murderer. The memoir focuses primarily on Newton and his reactions to Shakespeare’s plays.

Although his formal education ended at fifth grade, and although he had never heard of Shakespeare prior to this experience, Newton’s approach to Shakespeare’s plays is inspiring. He interprets each play with fresh eyes and without the encumbrance of relying on literary critics. He connects with Shakespeare’s words on a personal level and applies them to his own experiences. His insights and ability to relate to the characters is inspiring. His repeated refrain is Shakespeare liberated his mind and saved his life. Newton becomes a star pupil who uses Shakespeare’s plays to challenge other prisoners to consider their own lives and to question their motivations and actions. Eventually, he writes a series of workbooks and produces plays to help others experience a similar, liberating transformation.

Dr. Bates’ work with prisoners earns recognition among prison officials, the media, and university students and administrators. Larry becomes a celebrity, impressing even Shakespeare scholars with his interpretations and fresh insights. His transformation is acknowledged by prison officials. No longer deemed a violent threat, Larry is released from the ten years he spent in solitary confinement and is permitted to join other prisoners.

The memoir is a powerful testament of the profound ability of literature, in particular, Shakespeare, to transform lives. It is also an indictment of the penal system. The conditions of Larry’s solitary confinement are horrifying. And when he was only seventeen, Larry had agreed to serve a life sentence without the possibility of parole not fully comprehending what he was doing.

Laura Bates’ memoir challenges readers to reconsider attitudes toward punishment and rehabilitation of incarcerated individuals and to acknowledge the power of education to transform their lives. She provides statistics to demonstrate the prisoners who participated in the Shakespeare program no longer committed violent offenses in prison and were not repeat offenders after their release.

Larry is white, and although his experience with Shakespeare is inspiring, the memoir’s focus on a single white inmate is problematic. Since the majority of the prison population consists of people of color, the memoir would have benefited from greater inclusivity by giving voice to the interpretations and reactions of a wider and more diverse population. Nevertheless, this is an inspiring memoir chronicling the transformative power of education and the constructive impact it can have on incarcerated individuals.

Fundamentally

Nussaibah Younis

Fundamentally by Nussaibah Younis unfolds in the first-person voice of Dr. Nadia Amin. Having published an article on the possibility of rehabilitating ISIS brides, she captures the attention of the UN who invite her to lead a deradicalization group for ISIS brides in Iraq. Escaping from a failed relationship and a fraught connection with her mother, Nadia accepts the position and arrives in Baghdad. She meets her team, each one of whom displays little faith in the chance of success.

Undeterred, Nadia meets the ISIS brides to begin work. While at the refugee camp, she encounters Sara, a British Asian, who became an ISIS bride at the age of fifteen. Nadia sees herself in this young woman since both are British Asian. She becomes fixated on her, determined to get her rehabilitated and returned to England. Meanwhile she ignores the other women who need assistance and who are, perhaps, more deserving than Sara.

Why these women became ISIS brides and what can be done to ensure they are no threat to society is a matter of grave concern. Unfortunately, the subject is treated with a glibness that is off putting, mainly due to the tone and nature of Nadia’s narrative voice. Nadia is self-absorbed, naïve, silly, irreverent, flippant, and prone to histrionics. She swears constantly, is boisterous, crude, and disagreeable. Her attempts at humor are obvious and strained. Her interiority and speech are littered with sexual innuendo. Her go-to response when she is confronted with an obstacle is to drink herself into a stupor and engage in promiscuous sex. Her fixation on Sara seems more to do with her need to find a purpose for herself than it actually has to do with helping a young woman redeem herself for making a serious error in judgment.

The characters are two-dimensional and cartoonish. The UN staff are self-absorbed individuals who are more interested in promoting themselves than in helping others. They play childish pranks on each other and lack moral, ethical, or intellectual depth. The focus is almost exclusively on the European staff with almost a total absence of Iraqi voices—the very people who are essential to the success of any UN mission in Iraq since they know the local population and can navigate the complex dynamics. The Arab women in the refugee camp are similarly rendered voiceless and invisible. Although a number of them are present, we get barely a glimpse of their torturous stories, experiences, and traumas because their voices are buried beneath Nadia’s attempt to bond with Sara.

The humor throughout the novel is puerile and in poor taste; the dialogue, unrealistic. And while the novel raises serious issues, it fails to address them adequately or to deliver any workable insight on resolving such a complex problem. And to top it off, the ending in which Nadia orchestrates Sara’s escape is rushed, absurd, and highly improbable.

A problematic treatment of an issue that warrants a complex and nuanced exploration.

The Heart in Winter

Kevin Barry

The Heart in Winter by Kevin Barry opens in Butte, Montana, in the 1890s. Tom Rourke, a periodically drunk, opium-addicted Irishman earns money to support his habits by writing letters for illiterate men to entice brides from the east. He stumbles along in a drunken, drug-addicted stupor, frequenting brothels and writing songs.

Rourke’s daily habits come to a screeching halt when he encounters Polly Gillespie, a newly arrived mail-order bride to a self-flagellating, religiously-obsessed owner of a copper mine. Tom is immediately smitten. And, as it turns out, so is Polly. They engage in a clandestine love affair and decide to elope to San Francisco. They steal money. The steal a temperamental palomino horse, and they gallop off in search of freedom. Hot on their heels is the ruthless Jago Marrak with his two shady accomplices enticed by reward money to catch the culprits. The remainder of the novel consists of the lovers’ encounters on their journey to freedom until the end of their escapade. Polly has the last word many years later.

A number of factors make this a delicious read. Prominent among them is the narrative voice. It is at once funny, engaging, sarcastic, and snappy. The language is expressive, poignant, and sings with lyricism. Barry has a way of making his words dance on the page. Butte is described vividly as a copper-mining, lawless town espousing crude social structures, debauchery, with an influx of immigrants, mail-order brides, sex-workers, and drunks. Barry is equally effective in character portrayal. Even the minor characters leap off the page as well-rounded, authentic individuals, beginning with Rourke’s photographer employer, the three-member posse in hot pursuit, Polly’s erstwhile husband, and the colorful characters Tom and Polly encounter on their journey. But most striking of all is his portrayal of Tom and Polly.

To describe them as passionately, head-over-heels in love is to put it mildly. They connect wordlessly, know each other’s foibles, understand one another, struggle together, and persist in spite of their dwindling resources. Their diction is authentic, laced with humor and sarcasm. Barry communicates their unequivocal love without resorting to mushy language or cliches. His is a delightful portrayal of adoring, star-crossed lovers fumbling wildly in search of a freedom they really don’t expect to find on a horse they barely know how to ride.

The novel is imbued with a farce-like quality. Its compelling characters; realistic setting; energetic pace; and rhythmic, lyrical prose make this a quick, thoroughly delightful, and engaging read in the very capable hands of Kevin Barry.

The Library of Ancient Wisdom: Mesopotamia and the Making of the Modern World

Selena Wisnom

The Library of Ancient Wisdom: Mesopotamia and the Making of the Modern World by Selena Wisnom is an exciting and extensive exploration of the library of Ashurbanipal in the seventh century BCE in ancient Mesopotamia, the area of modern-day Iraq.

Ashurbanipal, king of the Assyrian empire, espoused knowledge, accumulating texts from all over his empire to house them in his library. It is estimated his library held more than 30,000 tablets covering a wide range of topics, including medical knowledge, prayers, laments, songs, literary works (including The Epic of Gilgamesh), esoteric lore, records of victories in battle, documents for governing, correspondences, and dictionaries. Written in cuneiform script on clay tablets, the library is a window on the culture and times of Ashurbanipal. And because Ashurbanipal preserved tablets that were considered ancient even in his lifetime, we also have access to the cultures of ancient Sumer and Babylonia which predate Ashurbanipal by 2,000 years.

Professor Wisnom, an Assyrian scholar with an expertise on cuneiform script, is a lecturer at the University of Leicester. She provides a systematic exploration of the contents of Ashurbanipal’s library from a wealth of the surviving tablets that have so far been deciphered. Her exploration is extensive, beginning with the cuneiform writing system invented in the fourth millennium BCE to the story of its decipherment by Victorian scholars in the 19th Century. She includes analyses of manuals on magic, medicine, divination, astrology, and relationship with the gods. She compiles what daily life must have been like for Ashurbanipal by reading his correspondences and list of duties. But perhaps one of the most exciting finds is the Nineveh Medical compendium, the first known medical text consisting of a collection of treatments organized from head to toe, beginning with all manner of ailments in the head and proceeding all the way down to the anus and hamstrings. This fascinating medical compilation is currently available online at the British Museum.

Wisnom’s book includes several pages of color plates, a Bibliographical Essay for each chapter, A Guide to Primary Sources, a 40-page Bibliography, and extensive notes. The diction is accessible, peppered with occasional humor, and minus the academic jargon that frequently plagues a work of such impressive academic quality. It is very readable, engaging, and highly recommended for those interested in understanding the profound and ubiquitous influence of Mesopotamia in shaping our world.

A Sufi Commentary on the Tao Teh Ching: The Way and Its Virtue

Seyyed Hossein Nasr

A Sufi Commentary on the Tao Te Ching: The Way and Its Virtue by Seyyed Hossein Nasr highlights some of the similarities between the Tao Te Ching with Islam and Sufism. Part 1 of the book consists primarily of interpretations of the Tao. Part 2 makes a more consistent effort to connect the Tao with Islam and Sufism, drawing on their similarities, and citing passages from the Tao alongside passages from the Qur’an and excerpts from the writing of Sufi scholars.

The True True Story of Raja the Gullible (and his Mother)

Rabih Alameddine

The True, True Story of Raja the Gullible (and his mother) by Rabih Alameddine sweeps through sixty years of Lebanon’s history in the voice of sixty-three-year-old Raja, living in a Beirut apartment with his octogenarian mother, Zalfa. Raja is a popular and highly successful philosophy teacher, well loved by his students. He is also a homosexual, a fact well-known throughout his neighborhood and for which he was mercilessly teased as a young boy.

The novel opens in 2023 but then leaps back in time to the 1960s, leads up to and includes Raja’s experiences as a teenager during the 1975 Lebanese civil war, the banking crisis, the COVID pandemic, the 2021 devastating Beirut port explosion, Raja’s short trip to Virginia, and concludes by taking the reader full circle back to 2023. Alameddine skillfully weaves Lebanon’s turbulent history in the narrative, lending it an air of authenticity. But what makes this novel such an outrageously funny and delicious read is Raja’s engaging voice as he contends with his force-to-be-reckoned-with mother.

Raja is a book lover who enjoys solitude, routine, and quiet walks. All this comes to a screeching halt when his mother moves in with him. Rather than trying to accommodate to her son’s wishes, Zalfa imposes herself into every aspect of her son’s life. She coerces information out of him about his students, has an opinion on every subject, admonishes him, bullies him into submission, tramples on his self-proclaimed boundaries, and insists on and succeeds in getting her way in everything. Their relationship is adversarial. They constantly cuss at each other. Their dialogue is riddled with argumentative banter. But underneath their tempestuous exchanges is the fierce, unequivocal, and unconditional love they have for one another.

Much of the humor of the novel lies in Raja’s interaction with his mother. This humor is compounded when Zalfa befriends Madame Taweel; a wealthy, gangster-type woman who has made a fortune selling generators to Beirut’s beleaguered population. The two women form an inseparable bond. Madame Taweel frequently turns up at Raja’s apartment unannounced with her gun-toting body-guards. The indomitable female duo speak with one voice as they offer Raja unsolicited advice on how to run his life.

The novel unfolds in disparate threads which eventually coalesce into a coherent whole. The unifying thread is Raja’s distinct voice as he leaps in time while peppering his story-embedded-within-a-story narrative with direct addresses to the reader to assure us he is still in control of the disparate threads.

The novel is hilarious, tragic, poignant, moving, and always, always engaging. Ultimately, it is a wildly entertaining and powerful celebration of love in its many guises and manifestations.

A Far Country

Daniel Mason

A Far Country by Daniel Mason is a slow-moving novel in which Isabel, a young girl in a drought-ridden, remote village of an unnamed country, journeys to the city to find her missing brother, Isaias. The novel unfolds from Isabel’s perspective. Only fourteen years old, Isabel navigates the hazardous trip alone, arriving at her cousin’s home in the “settlements.” She is the care-giver of her cousin’s baby during the week while her cousin works as a maid. Eventually, Isabel finds work during the weekends as a flag waver. But all the while, she thinks of finding Isaias.

The novel’s strength lies in its descriptive details. Mason immerses the reader in the sights, sounds, and smells of the drought-ridden village. He shows the desperation and hunger of the villagers who resort to eating earth to quell hunger. He depicts Isabel’s journey to the city in palpable detail. And from there he describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the settlement of New Eden, which is little more than a shanty town on the outskirts of the city. Here Isabel is exposed to exploitation, harassment, violent crime, and a different type of poverty.

Although Mason is successful in establishing atmosphere and recording details, the novel has a distinctly allegorical feel. There is an abstract quality to it which extends to the characters, none of whom emerge as fully realized or authentic. Isabel becomes a type, a sort of “everygirl.” She represents the poor, the disenfranchised, the rural populations who leave their villages and are forced to navigate unfamiliar territory in an urban environment that is at once frightening and alien. What potential conflicts or tensions she encounters fizzle out and disappear with no follow-up. She alternates between searching for Isaias or passively waiting for him to appear at the doorstep.

The slow narrative pace, the under developed characters, and the distancing effect of the style are a departure for Mason which makes this not as rewarding a read as his other novels.

The Bone People

Keri Hulme

The Bone People by Keri Hulme, winner of the 1986 Booker Prize, is situated in New Zealand and focuses on three individuals: Kerewin Holmes, a solitary artist who lives in an isolated tower; Simon, a young boy with a mysterious background who doesn’t speak, is prone to fits of violence, and has no sense of personal property; and Joe, Simon’s surrogate father who took Simon in when he washed up on the coast after a shipwreck.

When Simon breaks into Kerewin’s tower in the pouring rain, Kerewin takes him in until a family member picks him up. Through Simon, she meets Joe and the three become intertwined into a slapdash unit. Kerewin values her freedom and refuses Joe’s attempts to draw her into a romantic relationship. Their friendship becomes temporarily strained when Kerewin discovers that Joe’s fierce, protective love for Simon can translate into brutal violence towards the young child. When Joe’s beatings cause severe damage to Simon, social services step in and take the child away. Joe is temporarily incarcerated, and Kerewin destroys her tower and moves away. But the three are reunited at the end of the novel in Kerewin’s remodeled tower.

The narrative is complicated, confusing, and difficult to follow, at times. Hulme peppers her prose with a character’s stream of consciousness and interiority; unannounced jarring shifts in perspective; jagged, half-articulated thoughts; bouts of a drunken slurring of words; and leaps in time and location. Scattered throughout the complex, challenging language are references to Māori myths and legends. The tensions between the colonialists and the struggle of the indigenous people to retain their culture and language is sensitively handled. Characters frequently dot their language with Māori phrases and words. Fortunately, Hulme provides a translation of these in the back pages of the novel.

The novel’s conclusion is somewhat unsatisfactory. The ending reads like a hurried tying of loose ends. Joe experiences some sort of mystical epiphany; Kerewin recovers from a near death experience; and Simon is reunited with the two people he loves. The cause of Simon’s mysterious background and strange behaviors is alluded to but never adequately explained. The mystical elements are confusing and come across as a perfunctory deus ex machina inserted to bring the novel to closure.

The novel grapples with issues of cultural identity and erasure; with trauma and domestic violence; with isolation and abandonment; with the importance of familial bonds and community; and with the search for healing and forgiveness. Some of the thematic impact was diluted because of the nature of the narrative and complexity of its language.

A Registry of My Passage Upon the Earth

Daniel Mason

A Registry of my Passage Upon the Earth by Daniel Mason is a collection of nine short stories in which Mason’s talent as a writer of immersive, descriptive prose is on full display. The stories transport the reader to different times and different locations.

The vividly drawn characters in each story are intensely driven. Some are based on historical figures, like Jacob Burke, the pugilist; Alfred Russel Wallace, who shared his theory of evolution with Charles Darwin; and an Egyptian Pharoah who tried to discover the origin of language by experimenting with children. Other characters are fictional—a hot air female balloonist; a mother desperate to relieve her son’s breathing problems in the polluted air of Victorian London; a man who prefers the solitary life in the jungles of Brazil; a doctor suffering from memory lapses at which time a better version of himself appears; and an immigrant who participates in Civil War re-enactments to cultivate a sense of belonging.

Mason injects science, technology, fantasy, and humor in this original and thought-provoking collection packaged in masterful writing. He demonstrates his consummate story-telling skills by immersing the reader in evocative prose and vivid characters. The stories are compelling. Each has a different flavor, but each delves deeply into a character’s interiority to depict the character’s state of mind when confronted with a challenge. And as he has amply demonstrated in this and in his novels, Daniel Mason has a vibrant imagination. His range is both wide and breath-taking.

The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox

Maggie O’Farrell

The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox by Maggie O’Farrell alternates location and time frame between colonial India where two sisters, Kitty and Esme, were born and spent their early childhood; 1930s Edinburgh where the sisters grew up under the care of their grandmother, Kitty; and Iris in present-day Edinburgh.

The novel opens with Iris receiving a phone call concerning her great aunt, Euphemia (Esme). It seems the mental institution where Esme has been incarcerated for the last 60 years is closing down. Iris is contacted because she is listed as the next of kin. She is convinced there is a mistake since she had never heard of a great aunt and her grandmother had never mentioned a sister. Nevertheless, Iris decides to visit Esme and ends up taking her home over a weekend until suitable housing can be found for her. Meanwhile, Kitty, Iris’ grandmother, suffers from Alzheimer and exhibits memory lapses. She babbles incoherently about Esme refusing to release a baby.

Intermittent flashbacks peppered with the characters’ interiority reveal Kitty and Esme’s back stories in India and Edinburgh. Kitty, seemingly docile and well-behaved, subscribes to the social and gendered roles assigned to her. She looks forward to finding a suitable mate. Esme, on the other hand, has little patience for social expectations. She likes to read, wants to pursue her education, is outspoken, flaunts conventions, and has no desire for marriage. Unfortunately, that makes her attractive to an unscrupulous young man who violates her. As a consequence, Esme is carted away to the mental institution where she is incarcerated for over 60 years, unvisited and forgotten.

Esme is erect, calm, lucid, and courteous when Iris meets her. She has her wits about her. She discloses snatches of her past to Iris who then pieces together the reason for Esme’s incarceration and why her existence had been kept a secret. When Esme asks to visit her sister, Iris agrees to take her. The final confrontation between the two sisters with its tragic consequences indicates Esme knew all along who had orchestrated her incarceration.

This very powerful novel unfolds slowly as it reveals snapshots of the past through leaps in time and through the characters’ interiority. Iris’ interiority reveals the challenges in her own life and the horror she feels when she learns of Esme’s fate. Kitty’s interiority reveals her to be cruel, vicious, riddled with guilt, consumed with jealousy toward Esme, haunted by her past actions, and harboring a terrible secret. And Esme’s interiority shows the terror of being unjustifiably incarcerated and forgotten for more than 60 years.

The novel addresses the themes of rape, madness, violence, physical and emotional abuse, childhood abuse, hypocrisy, torture, sibling rivalry, Victorian asylums, and patriarchal double standards. It highlights the tragic fate of young girls and women who did not fit neatly into the mold society had assigned for them.

This is not an easy read because of the nature of the topics it addresses. But in the more than capable hands of Maggie O’Farrell, it is well worth the effort and is highly recommended.

Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years

Elizabeth Wayland Barber

First published in 1994, Women’s Work: The First 20,000 Years by Elizabeth Wayland Barber consists of ground breaking research that traces the role of women and their work with early textiles through 20,000 years of history.

Professor Barber’s painstaking research unearths the invaluable contribution of women’s labor in ancient cultures. Women worked primarily with food and clothing since their childbearing and child-rearing responsibilities required them to work close to home. Because food and clothing are perishable items which leave scant evidence of their existence, women’s work had been rendered virtually invisible.

By shifting her focus, keeping an open mind, and using a different set of lenses to examine the existing evidence, Professor Barber garners a wealth of information about women’s work with textiles from scraps of ancient cloth that survived the centuries—remnants of cloth that had been cavalierly dismissed during early excavations. She combines this exploration with closely examining the surviving tools of spinning and weaving; combing through clues in mythology and literature; deconstructing etymologies; exploring ethnographic studies; delving into documented archaeological discoveries; and contextualizing the location of artefacts. In addition, her research incorporates a hands-on approach. She garners insights by drawing the details of clothing on statues and by painstakingly weaving patterns she had observed in Mycenean frescoes as well as in other ancient sites. She argues clothing served many functions, including as a visual means of communicating the marital status and fertility of women.

The scope and meticulous quality of the research is impressive. Professor Barber does not make unwarranted leaps in conclusion but methodically and systematically allows the evidence to speak for itself. She includes an extensive list of sources and an index.

This scholarly work is highly accessible, informative, and provides a fascinating glimpse into ancient cultures. Above all, it performs the important task of rendering visible women’s invaluable contribution to shaping the warp and weft of civilizations.

Malice

Keigo Higashino; trans. Alexander O. Smith and Elye Alexander

Malice by Keigo Higashino, translated from the Japanese by Alexander O. Smith and Elye Alexander, is a murder mystery with a twist. The murderer reveals he committed the crime very early on in the novel. So rather than trying to figure out who did it, speculation revolves around the motive. This is not a “whodunit” but a “whydunit.”

The novel unfolds through the perspectives of Osamu Nonoguchi, the self-confessed murderer; and Detective Kaga, hot in pursuit of criminal and motive. The victim is Kunihiko Hidaka, a friend and former class-mate of Nonoguchi. Nonoguchi intentionally drops misleading, elaborate clues for the police that point to him as the murderer. His intention is to establish a false motive for committing the crime. He readily confesses to committing the murder when confronted and fuels Detective Kaga’s pursuit of the fabricated motive. But Kaga senses Nonoguchi’s elaborate scheme for supplying a motivation and investigates further. He questions Nonoguchi’s former middle school classmates and unravels the real motive for the crime. He confronts Nonoguchi who doesn’t deny it.

The novel touches on the themes of professional jealousy, malicious behavior, school bullying and its impact. But the characters are flat and uninteresting. And the real motive behind the crime when it is finally revealed is lackluster—more like a whimper than a bang.

The Magician's Wife

Brian Moore

The Magician’s Wife by Brian Moore, a historical novel set in 19th century France and Algeria, is inspired by the true story of the famous French magician and illusionist, Robert Houdin. It unfolds through the perspective of Emmeline Lambert, the wife of Henri Lambert, the character based on Robert Houdin.

Henri and Emmeline are invited to the rural estate of Emperor Napoleon III to solicit their help in advancing France’s interest in colonizing Algeria. Henri is commanded to perform magic tricks in front of the Arab rulers in Algeria to deceive them into believing his power of performing “miracles” comes from God and that God is on the side of the French. The goal is to subdue the Arabs into submission and to delay their inevitable resistance to French colonial rule until Napoleon has had time to amass his army to invade Algeria.

Unlike her husband, Emmeline approaches the whole enterprise with moral skepticism. Her doubts about the moral efficacy of their efforts only increase when she arrives in Algeria and witnesses the profound faith and humility of the indigenous population. Henri has no such qualms. Under the direction of Colonel Deniau, he performs his illusions and convinces his Arab audience he has been given special powers by God. Meanwhile, much to Emmeline’s dismay, the French ridicule the Arabs for their superstitions and gullibility. The French eagerly anticipate the arrival of their forces to colonize the country. Emmeline’s conscience prompts her to reveal the truth about her husband’s trickery to the potential Mahdi, a prominent Muslim cleric, in the hope of empowering him to expose the French plans for conquest.

Moore deftly mingles historical figures with fictitious ones. Emmeline is the focus of the story. She discloses the challenges in her marriage, her boredom with life in the French provinces, and her husband’s unremitting focus on his work. She is initially excited at being the object of Colonel Deniau’s obvious flirtation until she realizes that, like her husband, she is being manipulated. Her epiphany is gradual. She concludes Muslims are more pious than the conquering Christians whom, she claims, pay only lip service to their faith. She regrets the part she and her husband played in facilitating French colonialists’ aim to exploit Algeria’s resources and trade routes.

The settings are skillfully drawn. Through Emmeline’s eyes, we witness the pomposity and affectation of Napoleon’s rural estate. And through her eyes, we are immersed in the sights, sounds, smells, and texture of life in Algeria. The seeds of Emmeline’s anti-imperial sympathies are evident in France and come to fruition in Algeria. Moore’s portrayal of her is convincing. Moore also generates sympathy for her husband who believes in his assigned mission and shows courage by a willingness to risk his life for it.

The Book of Fire

Christy Lefteri

The Book of Fire by Christy Lefteri is about a massive fire that burns thousands of acres of a forest and the surrounding homes in a village in rural Greece. The fire was started by a developer wanting to clear a portion of the forest for construction. Because of the drought brought on by climate change, the fire quickly burned out of control, killing some of the villagers and forcing the survivors to spend desperate hours in the ocean waiting for rescue.

The fire and its aftermath is described through the lens of Irini, a music teacher who lives in the village with her husband, Tasso; and their daughter, Chara. The story unfolds in intertwining threads consisting of the day of the fire; Irini’s written account of the disaster in her journal; and her desperate attempts to help her husband and daughter heal from their physical burns and from the psychological trauma they all experienced. To add to her anxiety, Irini encounters the developer responsible for setting her world ablaze. She finds him in the burned-out forest, barely conscious and with a rope around his neck either because of a botched attempt at suicide or due to foul play. Holding him responsible for all her losses, Irini abandons him only to return later to find he has died. Questions linger about his death, which is later deemed a suicide.

Threaded throughout are Irini’s flashbacks of her childhood in London with her parents, her meeting with Tasso and his parents, her marriage and relocation to Greece, and her idyllic life with Tasso and Chara before the fire. Irini includes loving recollections of her father-in-law who doesn’t survive the fire. He had warned that climate change and the ensuing drought would accelerate the speed and scope of forest fires. But his warnings went unheeded. As she desperately tries to hold her traumatized family together, Irini battles feelings of guilt, sadness, and concern over her family.

The novel’s strength lies in the immersive description of the fast-moving fire and the devastation it caused. The novel’s weakness lies in flat characters; stiff dialogue; long, drawn out passages; excessive repetition; and chunks of expository writing that dulled the narrative. At times it seemed as if the novel didn’t move forward but was stuck in a never-ending, repetitive loop.

Lefteri’s attempt to highlight the impact of climate change on the environment and on people’s lives and livelihood is to be commended. Unfortunately, the execution of this important theme is not entirely successful.

The Leopard

Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa; trans. Archibald Colquhoun

The Leopard by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, translated from the Italian by Archibald Colquhoun, is an Italian classic. Set against the backdrop of the unification of Italy, the novel charts the passing of the era when Italy was separate states. Lampedusa embodies the turmoil during the transitional period in his central character, Don Fabrizio Corbera, a Sicilian aristocrat and fictional prince of Salina.

As a member of the old ruling class, Fabrizio adopts a pragmatic attitude towards the inevitable changes that will come with the unification of Italy and the establishment of democracy. But his observations are tinged with melancholy at the death of an era. He is conscious of the fact he is the last member of his family who knows its rich history. He is saddened by the knowledge that with his death, the memories of his ancestors, their traditions, their grandeur, and all they achieved and represented will die with him.

Lampedusa immerses the reader in late 19th century Sicily with its palatial homes and grand balls. In Fabrizio he has created a character who is charming, cultured, intelligent, sensitive, and astute. He looks askance at the changes and the emerging class that will govern the country. Saddened by the changes he perceives but recognizing their inevitability, he encourages his nephew to marry into the bourgeois class even though he is contemptuous of its acquisitive temperament and absence of culture and good taste.

This is a haunting story of loss and the demise of a former way of life, one with biographical elements since this same loss was probably experienced by the author himself. The diction is immersive, rich with detail, and compelling. Fabrizio garners sympathy for his unsettling situation. His interiority reflects his dilemma of being caught at a time of flux between the death of the old and the birth of the new. The past, with its rich traditions and culture, is all he has ever known. And now, he has to step aside to make way for the inexorable forces of change.

Lampedusa’s writing, much like his central character, is elegant, tinged with melancholy, poignant, and compelling. It is heartbreaking to know that Lampedusa was unable to get this major literary accomplishment published during his lifetime, denying him the literary accolades he so well deserved. Fortunately, the novel survived him and was published posthumously.

This elegant, moving novel of a bygone era yields an impact that lingers long after the final page has been read.

Hotel Du Lac

Anita Brookner

Winner of the 1984 Man Booker Prize, Hotel Du Lac by Anita Brookner is a quiet, meditative, and exquisite novel that packs a powerful punch. It tells the story of Edith Hope, a writer of romance novels. Although only in her thirties, Edith dresses like an older woman with her cardigans and carefully pinned-up hair. She has been told she looks like Virginia Woolf, and she acts the part. She is philosophical, introspective, and observant.

The novel opens with Edith unceremoniously shipped off to a Swiss hotel by her outraged friends. She has been instructed to have a good think about the consequences of her actions. Exactly what Edith has done to deserve this exile is not revealed until later in the novel. She finds herself thrust in a traditional Swiss hotel at the tail end of the tourist season. Initially, she mopes around, struggles to find the words to her next novel, but is positively effusive when writing letters to a mystery man named David—letters which, she later reveals, she never sends.

Through her flashbacks and revelations, we learn David is Edith’s married lover. Quiet, unassuming, mild-mannered Edith has conducted her clandestine affair with such discretion that not even her friends know about the relationship. She recalls how she had waited for David’s phone calls and visits; how she cooked for him, catered to his needs, and watched longingly from the window as he waltzed back to his wife and children. She reveals exactly what she did that caused her to be packed off to Switzerland with marching orders to sort herself out. It seems Edith’s great crime was her refusal to acquiesce to societal expectations by marrying a respectable man who would doubtless be a dull but good provider.

Back at Hotel du Lac, Edith familiarizes herself with the routines of the hotel and with its residents who provide a much-needed distraction. She is befriended by Mrs. Pusey, an over-bearing, self-centered, and affluent elderly woman traveling with her devoted daughter. Other residents include a lithe, elegant young woman with her dog; and Mr. Neville, a meticulously-dressed gentleman in his mid-fifties who proposes a marriage of convenience to Edith with his terms and conditions clearly stipulated.

Edith’s state of mind improves as she begins to appreciate the rhythms of the hotel and its staff. She develops a realistic assessment of the residents, recognizing the vacuous life-style of the Mrs. Puseys of this world. She rejects Neville’s marriage proposal, unwilling to participate in the pretext of a respectable marriage to a seemingly loyal and devoted husband. She accepts that a solitary life, even that of a lonely, mild-mannered English spinster like herself, is not the tragedy her friends make it out to be.

This is a character-driven novel in which little happens. What holds the reader’s attention is the elegant quality of the writing. The rhythm of hotel’s daily routine is captured in precise detail. And through carefully-chosen particulars of clothing, mannerisms, and speech, the characters emerge as well-rounded and realistic. Edith is portrayed as sensitive, intelligent, and introspective. Beneath her quiet, unassuming exterior lies a dogged determination to live life on her own terms.

Oh, William!

Elizabeth Strout

Oh, William! by Elizabeth Strout is a character-driven novel unfolding in the first-person voice of Lucy Barton, a successful novelist in her early sixties. Lucy is still grieving over the recent death of her second husband. She maintains a wonderful relationship with her two married daughters and enjoys a great friendship and connection with her first husband, William.

When William’s third wife leaves him, he turns to Lucy to help him navigate the separation. Through an ancestry research service, he learns he has a half-sister who was abandoned by his mother when she ran away to marry the man who was to become William’s father. He decides to visit Maine where his half-sister lives to see what he can discover about her and about his mother’s background. Lucy agrees to accompany him.

Strout’s characters are vibrant and skillfully drawn in telling details. The true strength of the novel, however, lies in the narrative voice. Lucy’s perspective and interiority is realistically rendered. It reads like an intimate conversation with a close friend. Her voice is plain and sincere; her tone, conversational. She hesitates, repeats herself, flounders to find the right words, and peppers her speech with colloquialisms. She includes anecdotes of her childhood and marriage. She rambles. She announces she doesn’t want to talk about a subject but then talks about it. She drops words like “I guess” or “I suppose” to reflect the tentative nature of her thoughts. She reveals details about her painful childhood, her marriage to William, his infidelities, her decision to leave, and her marriage to her second husband. She shares her insecurities and fears. She explores her childhood trauma and the impact it has had on her past and present adult relationships. She is endearing, compassionate, generous, and with an authentic interiority.  Strout peppers Lucy’s forthright diction with a highly effective use of the word “Oh!” This simple exclamation packs a wealth of meaning depending on the context. It resonates on many levels. At different times, Lucy uses it to reflect frustration, appreciation, gratitude, sympathy, tenderness, and love.

Lucy’s relationship with William is another delightful piece in the novel. Their relationship is built on years of knowing one another’s strengths, weaknesses, and foibles. Their conversational banter and bickering is authentic and believable; their support for one another, genuine. Lucy’s feelings toward William fluctuate. At times, her interiority reflects anger at William’s emotional absence and past indiscretions during their marriage; at others, she experiences overwhelming compassion and tenderness towards him.

The novel explores a variety of topics including the fabric of relationships; why some work and others don’t; the long-term impact of childhood trauma; how trauma can propel the choices we make; and the tricks memory can play on us. This compelling, skillfully executed novel, with an endearing character at its center, invites us to immerse ourselves in her candid and sensitive reflections.

The Orchards of Basra

Mansoura Ez-Eldin; trans. Paul G. Starkey

The Orchards of Basra by Mansoura Ez-Eldin, translated from the Arabic by Paul G. Starkey, was longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2021. The narrative shifts between modern Egypt and ancient Iraq and uses multiple narrators.

The novel is in six sections. It opens with Hisham Khattab, an antique bookseller in Cairo. He is enamored of ancient manuscripts, collecting them and selling them for a living. He has a passion for Arabic poetry, theology, and philosophy, and thrives on the words of Islamic scholars some of whom lived over 1,000 years ago. He becomes an assistant to an ex-sheikh who has been demonized by the mainstream religious establishment for espousing Marxism. Hisham has a series of dream visions involving jasmine flowers. These dream visions convince him he lived a former life in 8th century Basra, Iraq, as a man named Yazid Ibn Abihi.

The second section takes us back to fragments in the life of Yazid Ibn Abihi, a basket and mat weaver. He, too, dreams of jasmine flowers and relies on Malik ibn ‘Udday, the copyist, to interpret his dreams. This section includes the various sheikhs Yazid follows and their debates on theological matters. The third section focuses on Layla, Hisham’s mother. Section four introduces us to “Bella” who has a relationship with Hisham. Section five takes us back to Basra and Malik ibn ‘Udday’s affair with Mujiba, Yazid Ibn Abihi’s wife. And with section six, we are back in Cairo with Hisham.

The construction is complicated and can get very confusing. Chapters within each section shift between characters, times, and locations. Threaded throughout the sections are episodes of violence that continue to haunt the perpetrators in the different time frames. Actual historical figures mingle with fictional characters. Hisham’s and Yazid’s lives are so tightly woven together, they become almost inseparable. At times, Hisham is convinced he is strolling along the roads of 8th century Iraq. Such shifts can be jarring for the reader.

Through Hisham/Yazid, Ez-Eldin explores themes and debates in Islamic philosophy, with a special focus on the Mu’tazila school of thought. For those not versed in Islamic debates of over 1,000 years ago, she includes a list at the end of the novel of the historical figures and a brief summary of their positions. This is somewhat helpful but the name-dropping of various religious scholars, their exchanges and theological debates, is bewildering to someone without a rudimentary knowledge of the issues. They bog down the narrative.

The labyrinthine structure serves as a platform for Ez-Eldin to explore questions raised by Muslim scholars for over 1,000 years. The major debate seems to be about whether a Muslim who has committed a sin can still be considered a Muslim. Questions emerge about guilt, sin, morality, predestination, free will, reason, the impact of one’s choices, and justice. The probable intent of this complex novel is to invite the reader to reflect on these thorny issues. Success in accomplishing this goal depends on some prior knowledge of the debate and its major players.